{"id":12469,"date":"2026-05-13T09:37:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T09:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/?p=12469"},"modified":"2026-05-13T09:48:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T09:48:48","slug":"law-of-corresponding-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/iit-jam\/law-of-corresponding-states\/","title":{"rendered":"Law of Corresponding States: Master IIT JAM 2027 Concepts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>Law of Corresponding States<\/strong> For the IIT JAM is a concept in physical chemistry that helps in understanding the behavior of real gases and their thermodynamic properties. It states that the behavior of a gas can be predicted by considering the reduced properties, which are independent of the gas&#8217;s molecular size and intermolecular forces.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Syllabus and Key Textbooks<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"26\">This topic is a staple for the <a href=\"https:\/\/jam2026.iitb.ac.in\/files\/syllabus_CY.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>IIT JAM syllabus<\/strong><\/a>, but you&#8217;ll also see it pop up in CSIR NET and GATE. If you want to go deep, these are the gold standards:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"27\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"27,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"27,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Physical Chemistry by P.W. Atkins:<\/b> Great for the theoretical &#8220;why.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"27,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"27,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Physical Chemistry by I. H. Greenwood:<\/b> Excellent for clear, straightforward explanations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If you&#8217;re diving into the world of physical chemistry for the IIT JAM, you&#8217;ve probably realized that real gases can be a bit of a headache. While the Ideal Gas Law is a great starting point, the real world is rarely that simple. This is where the <b data-path-to-node=\"0\" data-index-in-node=\"247\">Law of Corresponding States<\/b> comes in\u2014it\u2019s essentially a &#8220;cheat code&#8221; that helps us treat different gases using the same set of rules.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Law of Corresponding States For IIT JAM: Main Concept Explanation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"3\">The core idea here is that if you &#8220;scale&#8221; gases based on their own unique limits (their critical points), they all start acting remarkably similar. We do this using <b data-path-to-node=\"3\" data-index-in-node=\"165\">reduced properties<\/b>. These are just dimensionless numbers you get by dividing the actual state of the gas by its critical values.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">Think of it like this: Imagine two marathon runners. One is a pro and the other is a beginner. If you say they are both running at 5 km\/h, that doesn&#8217;t tell you much about how tired they are. But if you say they are both running at <b data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"232\">80% of their maximum possible speed<\/b>, you can bet they\u2019re both feeling pretty similar levels of exhaustion.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">In chemistry, the &#8220;maximum speed&#8221; is the critical point. The reduced properties are:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"6\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Reduced Temperature:<\/b> <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_r = T \/ T_c\" data-index-in-node=\"21\">T<sub>r<\/sub> = T \/ T<sub>c<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Reduced Pressure:<\/b> <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_r = P \/ P_c\" data-index-in-node=\"18\">P<sub>r<\/sub> = P \/ P<sub>c<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Reduced Volume:<\/b> <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"V_r = V \/ V_c\" data-index-in-node=\"16\">V<sub>r<\/sub> = V \/ V<sub>c<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\">When different gases have the same <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_r\" data-index-in-node=\"35\">T<sub>r<\/sub><\/span> and <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_r\" data-index-in-node=\"43\">P<sub>r<\/sub><\/span>, they are in <b data-path-to-node=\"7\" data-index-in-node=\"60\">corresponding states<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Worked Example: Law of Corresponding States For IIT JAM<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>Law of Corresponding States<\/strong> states that all gases, when compared at the same reduced temperature and pressure, have the same compressibility factor. This law is useful for predicting the behavior of real gases.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\">Let&#8217;s look at how you might see this in an exam. Suppose you have a sample of <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"CO_2\" data-index-in-node=\"78\">CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span> at 30\u00b0C (303.15 K) and 50 bar. We know the critical temperature (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_c\" data-index-in-node=\"148\">T<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>) is 304.2 K and the critical pressure (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_c\" data-index-in-node=\"191\">P<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>) is 73.9 bar.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">First, let&#8217;s find the reduced values:<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\"><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_r = 303.15 \/ 304.2 \\approx 0.996\" data-index-in-node=\"38\">T<sub>r<\/sub> = 303.15 \/ 304.2 \u2248 0.996<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\"><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_r = 50 \/ 73.9 \\approx 0.677\" data-index-in-node=\"73\">P<sub>r<\/sub> = 50 \/ 73.9 \u2248 0.677<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11\">Now, here\u2019s the magic: if you look at a generalized compressibility chart for <i data-path-to-node=\"11\" data-index-in-node=\"78\">any<\/i> gas at these specific reduced coordinates, you&#8217;ll find the compressibility factor (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z\" data-index-in-node=\"165\">Z<\/span>) is about 0.89. You don&#8217;t need a specific <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"CO_2\" data-index-in-node=\"209\">CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/span> chart.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Misconception: Common Mistakes in Law of Corresponding States For IIT JAM<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A common misconception about the <strong>Law of Corresponding States<\/strong> is that it only applies to ideal gases. This understanding is incorrect because the law actually applies to real gases as well, but with certain limitations. The <strong>Law of Corresponding States<\/strong>, also known as the principle of corresponding states, states that all fluids at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure will have the same compressibility factor.<\/p>\n<p>The reduced temperature and reduced pressure are defined as the temperature and pressure of a substance divided by its critical temperature and critical pressure, respectively. This law is a useful concept in thermodynamics, as it allows for the prediction of the behavior of real gases. However, students often mistakenly assume that it only applies to ideal gases, which can lead to incorrect predictions and calculations.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">One thing that trips up a lot of students is thinking this law only works for ideal gases. Actually, it&#8217;s the opposite! Ideal gases are boring\u2014they always have a <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z\" data-index-in-node=\"162\">$Z$<\/span> of 1. We use the <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"181\">Law of Corresponding States<\/b> specifically to handle <b data-path-to-node=\"13\" data-index-in-node=\"232\">real gases<\/b> that deviate from ideal behavior.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14\">Another trap? Forgetting to convert Celsius to Kelvin. If you plug 30\u00b0C into your <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_r\" data-index-in-node=\"82\">T<sub>r<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0formula instead of 303.15 K, your answer will be miles off, and that&#8217;s an easy way to lose marks on a JAM paper.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Application of Law of Corresponding States For IIT JAM in Real-World Scenarios<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>Law of Corresponding States<\/strong> For IIT JAM has practical applications in engineering and chemistry. This concept is used to design and optimize industrial processes, such as gas separation and purification. By applying this law, engineers can predict the behavior of real gases under various conditions, allowing for more efficient process design.<\/p>\n<p>One specific application is in the design of adsorption-based gas separation systems. These systems operate under constraints such as high pressure and low temperature, where the <strong>Law of Corresponding States<\/strong> is particularly useful. By understanding the corresponding states of different gases, engineers can optimize the design of these systems to achieve higher purity and efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">Why do we care? Imagine you\u2019re a chemical engineer (or a researcher) trying to design a tank for a brand-new refrigerant gas that hasn&#8217;t been studied much. You don&#8217;t have a massive book of data for this specific gas yet.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17\">By using the <b data-path-to-node=\"17\" data-index-in-node=\"13\">Law of Corresponding States<\/b>, you can look at how a well-known gas (like Nitrogen) behaves at the same reduced temperature and pressure. This gives you a very solid estimate of how your new gas will behave under pressure. It\u2019s a huge time-saver in industrial gas separation and even helps meteorologists understand how different layers of the atmosphere interact.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Exam Strategy &#8211; Tips and Important Subtopics\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"19\">When you&#8217;re studying this for the IIT JAM, don&#8217;t just memorize the definitions. Focus on:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"20\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Van der Waals Connection:<\/b> Try deriving the reduced equation of state from the Van der Waals equation. It\u2019s a classic exam favorite.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Z<\/span> vs <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_r\" data-index-in-node=\"5\">P<sub>r<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0Graphs:<\/b> Get comfortable reading these charts. They show you exactly how real gases deviate from the <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z = 1\" data-index-in-node=\"109\">Z = 1<\/span>\u00a0line.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"20,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"20,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Critical Constants:<\/b> Know how <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_c\" data-index-in-node=\"29\">T<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>, <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_c\" data-index-in-node=\"34\">P<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>, and <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"V_c\" data-index-in-node=\"43\">V<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0relate to the <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"a\" data-index-in-node=\"61\">$a$<\/span> and <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"b\" data-index-in-node=\"67\">$b$<\/span> constants in the Van der Waals equation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"21\">At <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/online-courses\"><strong>VedPrep<\/strong> <\/a>, we suggest practicing these derivations until they feel like second nature. It\u2019s not just about the math; it\u2019s about seeing the pattern. With expert guidance and practice problems, students can build a strong foundation in this topic. By following <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/online-courses\/iit-jam\"><strong>VedPrep&#8217;s<\/strong> <\/a>study material, students can effectively prepare for IIT JAM and other competitive exams.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Additional Resources and Practice Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"23\">If you&#8217;re looking to sharpen your skills, check out some video walkthroughs on the <b data-path-to-node=\"23\" data-index-in-node=\"83\">reduced equation of state<\/b>. Sometimes seeing the graph being drawn in real-time makes it click way faster than staring at a static page.<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"24\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,0,0\">Try solving for the compressibility factor of Methane given its critical constants.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"24,1,0\">Look up &#8220;Generalized Compressibility Charts&#8221; and try to find <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z\" data-index-in-node=\"61\">Z<\/span>\u00a0for different <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_r\" data-index-in-node=\"77\">T<sub>r<\/sub><\/span>\u00a0values.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"29\">The <b data-path-to-node=\"29\" data-index-in-node=\"4\">Law of Corresponding States<\/b> is basically nature telling us that all gases are cousins. Even if they look different on the outside, they follow the same fundamental patterns when you scale them properly.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"30\">Mastering the critical point (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_c, P_c, V_c\" data-index-in-node=\"30\">T<sub>c<\/sub>, P<sub>c<\/sub>, V<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>) and the resulting reduced properties is a surefire way to grab those extra points in the physical chemistry section. Keep practicing, stay curious, and remember that even the most complex real gas follows a few simple rules at heart.<\/p>\n<p>To know more in detail from our faculty, watch our YouTube video:<\/p>\n<p class=\"responsive-video-wrap clr\"><iframe title=\"Gaseous State Lecture-2 | CSIR NET, IIT JAM, GATE, CUET PG New Batches | VedPrep\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uCQP1b--9YI?list=PLdZcCa6mtW20BcZblYnupkOyThsdvu1Ls\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<section>\n<h2><strong>Frequently Asked Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<style>#sp-ea-14119 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-14119.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-14119.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-14119.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-14119.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-14119.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1777286513\">\n<div id=\"sp-ea-14119\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"\" data-scroll-active-item=\"\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\">\n\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141190\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141190\" aria-controls=\"collapse141190\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> What is the Law of Corresponding States?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse141190\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141190\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>It is a principle stating that all substances exert the same behavior (such as the same compressibility factor) when they are at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141191\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141191\" aria-controls=\"collapse141191\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What are \"reduced properties\" in thermodynamics?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141191\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141191\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>Reduced properties are dimensionless variables calculated by dividing a substance's actual property by its value at the critical point.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141192\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141192\" aria-controls=\"collapse141192\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Why is the Law of Corresponding States considered \"universal\"?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141192\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141192\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>Because it allows different gases to be compared on a single scale, regardless of their specific molecular size or the strength of their intermolecular forces.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141193\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141193\" aria-controls=\"collapse141193\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the Compressibility Factor (Z) in this context?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141193\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141193\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z\" data-index-in-node=\"56\">Z<\/span> is a measure of how much a real gas deviates from ideal behavior. The law implies that if two different gases have the same <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"T_r\" data-index-in-node=\"182\">T<sub>r<\/sub><\/span><sub>\u00a0<\/sub>and <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_r\" data-index-in-node=\"190\">P<sub>r<\/sub><\/span>, they will have the same <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z\" data-index-in-node=\"219\">Z<\/span>.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141194\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141194\" aria-controls=\"collapse141194\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> How does this law help in real-world engineering?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141194\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141194\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>It allows engineers to predict the properties of gases under extreme conditions (high pressure\/low temperature) using generalized compressibility charts rather than complex individual equations for every single gas.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141195\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141195\" aria-controls=\"collapse141195\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Can this law be used to estimate fugacity?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141195\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141195\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>Yes, the principle of corresponding states is frequently used to estimate thermodynamic properties like fugacity, enthalpy departures, and entropy departures.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141196\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141196\" aria-controls=\"collapse141196\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the Reduced Equation of State?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141196\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141196\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>It is an equation of state (like the van der Waals equation) rewritten using reduced variables (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"P_r, T_r, V_r\" data-index-in-node=\"135\">P<sub>r<\/sub>, T<sub>r<\/sub>, V<sub>r<\/sub><\/span>), which eliminates constants (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"a\" data-index-in-node=\"179\">a<\/span> and <span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"b\" data-index-in-node=\"185\">b<\/span>) specific to a particular gas.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141197\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141197\" aria-controls=\"collapse141197\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Is the Law of Corresponding States applicable to ideal gases?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141197\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141197\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>While it can be applied, it is primarily useful for <b data-path-to-node=\"7,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"114\">real gases<\/b> to account for their non-ideal behavior and deviations.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141198\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141198\" aria-controls=\"collapse141198\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What are the limitations of this law?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141198\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141198\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>The law works best for spherical, non-polar molecules. It becomes less accurate for highly polar molecules or those with significant hydrogen bonding.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-141199\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse141199\" aria-controls=\"collapse141199\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the \"Critical Point\" mentioned in the law?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse141199\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-141199\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>The critical point is the specific temperature and pressure above which the distinction between liquid and gas phases disappears.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1411910\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1411910\" aria-controls=\"collapse1411910\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the significance of the number 0.27 in this theory?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse1411910\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1411910\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>For many simple gases, the compressibility factor at the critical point (<span class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"Z_c\" data-index-in-node=\"133\">Z<sub>c<\/sub><\/span>) is approximately <b data-path-to-node=\"9,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"155\">0.27<\/b>, though this varies for more complex molecules.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1411911\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1411911\" aria-controls=\"collapse1411911\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Does the law apply to liquids?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse1411911\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1411911\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>Yes, the principle can be extended to liquids and even solids, though it is most commonly taught and applied to the gas phase in entrance exams.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1411912\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1411912\" aria-controls=\"collapse1411912\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Which books are best for practicing problems on this topic?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse1411912\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1411912\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p><i data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"60\">Physical Chemistry<\/i> by <b data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"82\">P.W. Atkins<\/b> is excellent for theory, while <b data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"125\">K.L. Kapoor<\/b> is highly recommended for solving Indian competitive exam-style problems.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1411913\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1411913\" aria-controls=\"collapse1411913\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Are there any common traps in exam questions?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse1411913\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1411913\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\">A common trap is forgetting to convert temperature to <b data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"100\">Kelvin<\/b> or using inconsistent units for pressure (e.g., mixing bar and atm).<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-1411914\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse1411914\" aria-controls=\"collapse1411914\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Can I use this law for gas mixtures?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse1411914\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-14119\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-1411914\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>Yes, by using \"pseudocritical\" properties (calculated based on the mole fractions of the components), the law can be applied to mixtures.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Law of Corresponding States For IIT JAM is a concept in physical chemistry that helps in understanding the behavior of real gases and their thermodynamic properties. It states that the behavior of a gas can be predicted by considering the reduced properties, which are independent of the gas&#8217;s molecular size and intermolecular forces. This concept is useful for CSIR NET, GATE, and IIT JAM exams.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":12468,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","rank_math_seo_score":85},"categories":[23],"tags":[2923,7285,7286,7288,7287,2922],"class_list":["post-12469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-iit-jam","tag-competitive-exams","tag-law-of-corresponding-states-for-iit-jam","tag-law-of-corresponding-states-for-iit-jam-notes","tag-law-of-corresponding-states-for-iit-jam-practice","tag-law-of-corresponding-states-for-iit-jam-questions","tag-vedprep","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12469"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16015,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12469\/revisions\/16015"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}