{"id":1646,"date":"2025-11-15T06:13:58","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T06:13:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vedprep.com\/exams\/?p=1646"},"modified":"2026-05-01T20:10:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T20:10:05","slug":"reference-books-for-csir-net","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/csir-net\/reference-books-for-csir-net\/","title":{"rendered":"Reference Books for CSIR NET Subject Wise List 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Reference books for CSIR NET<\/strong> play a crucial role to qualify <a href=\"https:\/\/vedprep.com\/exams\/csir-net\/csir-net-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CSIR NET exam<\/a>. These books provide a comprehensive explanation of the entire syllabus by giving a proper demonstration of each topic so the learners can have an in-depth understanding of their subjects. With systematic learning approach and concept clarity, the reference books for CSIR NET strengthen candidates&#8217; preparation ensuring their success in the examination. Therefore it&#8217;s necessary to choose the right books that are comprehensive and guide you in the best possible way. Here&#8217;s the list of factors to choosing reference books for CSIR NET 2026<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Reference books for CSIR NET<\/strong> plays a crucial role in the success of CSIR aspirants. The candidate must make sure that he\/she buys a reference book that holds the correct and updated information and also cover the entire syllabus without leaving anything from the syllabus.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Subject Wise List 2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Reference books for CSIR NET subject wise list for 2026<\/strong> are given below, check out these sections to choose reference books wisely<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Physics <\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4>There are several books for CSIR NET Physics but we are providing the names of those that are the most popular and widely read.<\/h4>\n<table width=\"444\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\"><strong>Reference<\/strong> <strong>books<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"258\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">F. Reif<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Quantum Mechanics<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">Griffiths<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Quantum Physics<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">H.C. Verma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Introduction to Atomic Spectra<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">Harvey Elliott White<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Fundamental of Molecular Spectroscopy<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">Colin N. Banwell &amp; Elaine M. McCash<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Solid State Physics<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">Ashcroft and Mermin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Introduction to Solid State Physics<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">Charles Kittel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"186\">Introduction to Electrodynamics<\/td>\n<td width=\"258\">David J. Griffiths<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Also read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vedprep.com\/exams\/csir-net\/best-csir-net-books\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CSIR NET Best Books<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Life Science <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Most recommended books for <strong>CSIR NET Life Science<\/strong> are given below<\/p>\n<table width=\"451\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\"><strong>Reference<\/strong> <strong>Books<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"252\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Nelson and Cox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Molecular Cell Biology<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Lodish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Life Sciences Fundamentals and Practice Part 1 &amp; 2<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Pranav Kumar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Principles of Genetics<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">D. Peter Snustad and Michael J Simmons<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Essential Immunology<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Ivan M. Roitt<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Plants Physiology<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Eduardo Zeiger and Lincoln Taiz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Principles of Anatomy and Physiology<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Tortora and\u00a0 Bryan H. Derrickson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Ecology: Principles And Applications<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">JL Chapman and MJ Reiss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"199\">Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual<\/td>\n<td width=\"252\">Joseph Sambrook and David Russell<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Chemical Science<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Reference books for CSIR NET chemical science<\/strong> are given below<\/p>\n<table width=\"473\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\"><strong>Reference<\/strong> <strong>Books<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"247\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Principles of Physical Chemistry<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">Puri, Sharma &amp; Pathania<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">Richard Mishel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">An Introduction to Electrochemistry<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">Samuel Glasstone<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Quantum Chemistry through Problems and Solutions<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">R.K. Prasad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">Colin N. Banwell<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Chemical Applications of Group Theory<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">F. Albert Cotton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Stereochemistry Conformation and Mechanism<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">P.S kalsi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">Peter Sykes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"226\">Concept and Models of Inorganic Chemistry<\/td>\n<td width=\"247\">Bodie Douglas, Darl McDaniel, John Alexander<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Earth Science<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>There are multiple important <strong>Reference books for CSIR NET Earth Science,<\/strong> some of them are given below.<\/p>\n<table width=\"484\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\"><strong>Reference<\/strong> <strong>Books<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"257\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Environmental Geography<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">Savindra Singh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Climatology<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">D S Lal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Fundamentals of Geophysics<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">William Lowrie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Essentials of Oceanography<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">Trujillo and Thurman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Structural Geology<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">Haakon Fossen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Manual of Mineralogy<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">Hurlbut and Klein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Principles of Engineering Geology<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">K M Bangar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Principles of Palaeontology<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">Raup and Stanley<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"227\">Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology<\/td>\n<td width=\"257\">John D Winter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET Mathematical Science <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Reference books for CSIR NET Mathematical<\/strong> science are often used by aspirants looking to advance their career as Mathematical Scientists. These books help them qualify CSIR NET by providing conceptual clarity. The reference books for CSIR NET Mathematical Science are given below<\/p>\n<table width=\"489\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\"><strong>Reference<\/strong> <strong>Books<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>Authors<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Principles of Mathematical Analysis<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">Walter Rudin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Introduction to Real Analysis<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">S K Mapa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Linear Algebra<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">Vivek Sahay and Vikas Bist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Complex Analysis<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">S. Ponnusamy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">M.D. Raisinghania<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Numerical Analysis<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">Jain, Iyengar, and Jain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Advanced Modern Algebra<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">Joseph J. Rotman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Foundations of Functional Analysis<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">S. Ponnusamy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"225\">Answer key for Contemporary Abstract Algebra<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">Joseph Gallian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Importance of Reference Books for CSIR NET 2026 <\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>Reference Books for CSIR NET provides you conceptual understanding of your syllabus and help you qualify your exam with ease.<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Syllabus Coverage: <\/strong>Ensure that the books that you are choosing for CSIR NET covers the entire syllabus of your subject. Avoid books that skip the important topics of your subject or the books that don&#8217;t give you ample information about each topic covered. Whether it is reference books for CSIR NET Life Science, chemical science, Mathematical science, physical science or earth science. The books should cover the entire syllabus of your subject.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conceptual Clarity: <\/strong>Try to buy books that give you conceptual clarity of your subject by providing you with diagrams, examples and real life applications. Only these kinds of books will help you solve analytical questions in your CSIR NET exam.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Previous year Questions and Practice Questions: <\/strong>Your targeted books should be ones that offer you sufficient practice questions along with solved previous year questions. These will help you understand the pattern of exam and difficulty level of the CSIR NET exam.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Updated Edition: <\/strong>Target latest revised books as syllabus and exam trend are subject to change anytime and older versions of the book may not include those changes, so always opt for books that are up to date.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>There are no one-size-fits-all when it comes to reference books for CSIR NET. You should choose a book that has a perfect balance of both concept clarity and practice questions.Track your progress after every study session and try to solve questions within the standard examination timing and you will easily crack your CSIR NET exam.<\/p>\n<p>Related Link :-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/csir-net\/csir-net-mock-test\/\"><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">CSIR NET Mock Test 2025<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Reference Books for CSIR NET FAQs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-1650 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-1650.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-1650.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-1650.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-1650.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-1650.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1753961317\">\n<div id=\"sp-ea-1650\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"\" data-scroll-active-item=\"\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\">\n\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-16500\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse16500\" aria-controls=\"collapse16500\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> Should I follow one book or multiple books for each topic?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse16500\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1650\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-16500\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>You should follow only one main book as too many books will lead you to confusion with no subject clarity. You can also buy one more practice book to solve previous year questions and mock tests.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-16501\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse16501\" aria-controls=\"collapse16501\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Should I buy hard copies of the book or read their PDFs?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse16501\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1650\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-16501\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>As far as the content is authentic and updated, you can use either of the options. Some students prefer hard copies while some may prefer PDFs, it's the choice of the student.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-16502\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse16502\" aria-controls=\"collapse16502\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Which Reference book is best for CSIR NET Mathematics?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse16502\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1650\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-16502\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>There are several good books on CSIR NET Mathematics. You can visit the official website of VedPrep to check out the list of all good books of CSIR NET Mathematics.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-16503\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse16503\" aria-controls=\"collapse16503\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Where can I get the list of CSIR NET Life Sciences?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse16503\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1650\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-16503\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>You can get the list of CSIR NET life sciences on the official website of VedPrep.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<!-- Start accordion card div. -->\n<div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\">\n\t<!-- Start accordion header. -->\n\t<h3 class=\"ea-header\">\n\t\t<!-- Add anchor tag for header. -->\n\t\t<a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-16504\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse16504\" aria-controls=\"collapse16504\" href=\"#\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Is CSIR NET Life Sciences tough?\t\t<\/a> <!-- Close anchor tag for header. -->\n\t<\/h3>\t<!-- Close header tag. -->\n\t<!-- Start collapsible content div. -->\n\t<div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse16504\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1650\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-16504\">  <!-- Content div. -->\n\t\t<div class=\"ea-body\">\n\t\t<p>It depends on the conceptual clarity of the student. If the concepts of the students are clear, he won't find the CSIR NET exam difficult.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- Close content div. -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- Close collapse div. -->\n<\/div> <!-- Close card div. -->\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Get reference books for CSIR NET subject wise list 2026 Covering Physics, Life Science, Chemistry, Earth Science, And Math. Get Concept Clarity With Updated Syllabus-Based Expert-Recommended reference books for CSIR NET.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":14544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","rank_math_seo_score":82},"categories":[29],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-1646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-csir-net","tag-reference-books-for-csir-net","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1646"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14546,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1646\/revisions\/14546"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vedprep.com\/exams\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}